Precipitation hardening stainless steel was developed by the United States Steel Corporation in the 1940s. It has high strength after precipitation hardening heat treatment, plasticity and corrosion resistance is superior to other stainless steel. The most well-known precipitation hardening steel is 17-4 PH.
Precipitation Hardening Stainless Steel
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Precipitation Hardening Stainless Steel
Precipitation hardening (PH) stainless steels are also corrosion-resistant alloys, some of which can be heat treated to provide tensile strengths of 850MPa to 1700MPa and yield strengths of 520MPa to 1500MPa or more-its strength is approximately three to four times that of austenitic stainless steels.
For example, Type 304 or grade 316, are often used in the oil and gas, nuclear energy, and aerospace industries, which require high strength, corrosion resistance, and generally low but acceptable toughness. Precipitation hardening is achieved by adding copper, molybdenum, aluminum, and titanium alone or in combination.
The precipitation hardening stainless steel series can be divided into three main types-low carbon martensite(17-4 PH), semi-austenite(17-7 PH), and austenite(A-286).
The most well-known precipitation hardening steel is 17-4 PH. The name comes from the additions of 17% Chromium and 4% Nickel. It also contains 4% Copper and 0.3% Niobium. 17-4 PH is also known as stainless steels grade 630. cond
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Typical mechanical properties for stainless steels alloy 17-4PH
| Grade 17-4PH | Annealed | Cond 900 | Cond 1150 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tensile Strength (MPa) | 1100 | 1310 | 930 |
| Elongation A5 (%) | 15 | 10 | 16 |
| Proof Stress 0.2% (MPa) | 1000 | 1170 | 724 |
| Elongation A5 (%) | 15 | 10 | 16 |
Typical physical properties for stainless steels alloy 17-4PH
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Density | 7.75 kg/m3 |
| Modulus of Elasticity | 196 GPA |
| Electrical Resistivity | 0.8 x 10-6 Ω.m |
| Thermal Conductivity | 18.4 W/m.K |
| Thermal Expansion | 10.8 x 10-6/K |
Huaxiao Capacity about Precipitation hardening stainless steel, Precipitation hardening HRC
Thickness: 1.2mm – 10mm
Width: 600mm – 1500mm, the narrowed products pls check in strip products
Max coil weight: 20MT
Coil ID: 508mm,610mm
Finish: NO.1, 1D, 2D, #1, 2B finished, black, Anneal and pickling, mill finish, etc.
Grade about normal Precipitation Hardening Stainless Steel
- S17400 17-4PH 0Cr17Ni4Cu4Nb
- S15500 15-5PH 0Cr15Ni4Cu4Nb
- S17700 17-7PH 0Cr17Ni7Al
- 17-10P 0Cr17Ni7Al
S17400 Chemical component ASTM A564
| C | Si | Mn | Cr | Ni | S | P | Cu |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ≤0.07 | ≤1.0 | ≤1.0 | 15.0～17.5 | 3.0～5.0 | ≤0.03 | ≤0.04 | < 3.0～5.0 |
S17400 mechanical property ASTM A564
- Tensile strength : > 1310 Mpa
- Yield Strength : >1170 Mpa
- Elongation (%): > 35%
- Hardness: > Brinell 388
Define about Precipitation Hardening Stainless Steel
Precipitation hardening (precipitation hardening): A heat treatment process in which a metal in a supersaturated solid solution is segregated in a solute atom and/or in which dissolvable particles are dispersed and dispersed in the matrix to cause hardening. If austenite precipitated stainless steel is subjected to precipitation hardening at 400-500°C or 700-800°C after solution treatment or after cold working, high strength can be obtained.
That is, the supersaturated solid solution of some alloys is left at room temperature or heated to a certain temperature. The solute atoms will accumulate in a certain area of the solid solution matrix or form a second phase, resulting in an increase in the hardness of the alloy.
Precipitation hardening stainless steel and its classification
Precipitation-hardening stainless steel was developed by the United States Steel Corporation in the 1940s. It has high strength after precipitation hardening heat treatment, plasticity, and corrosion resistance is superior to other stainless steel.
Precipitation-hardening stainless steels can be classified into martensitic, semi-austenitic, and austenite types according to the metallographic structure of the matrix.
(1) Martensitic type
Martensitic precipitation-hardening stainless steels are usually supplied in the martensitic state and undergo precipitation hardening after simple aging treatment. The properties of martensite precipitation hardened stainless steel can be obtained by one or both martensite formation and precipitation hardening mechanisms. It is the most widely used steel for precipitation hardening stainless steel.
(2) Semi-austenitic type
The substrate of the semi-austenitic stainless steel is austenite and contains 5% to 20% of delta ferrite. Through special heat treatment before hardening, the austenite is transformed into martensite and then subjected to aging treatment. Semi-austenitic stainless steels can be processed into a variety of products, but are mainly used for flat-rolled sheets and strips. This precipitation-hardening stainless steel is generally not used in valve products.
(3) Austenite type
Austenitic stainless steels are supplied in austenitic conditions and these steels are rarely used.
| Alloy | UNS No. | Composition, % | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| C | Mn | Si | Cr | Ni | Mo | Cu | Ti | Other | ||
| Martensitic | ||||||||||
| PH 13-8 Mo | S13800 | 0.05 | 0.10 | 010 | 12.8 | 8.0 | 2.3 | – | – | Al=1.1 |
| 15-5PH | S15500 | 0.07 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 14.8 | 4.5 | – | 3.5 | – | Nb=0.3 |
| 17-4PH | S17400 | 0.09 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 16.3 | 4.0 | – | 4.0 | – | Nb=0.3 |
| Custom 455 | S45500 | 0.05 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 12.0 | 8.5 | 0.5 | 2.0 | 1.1 | Nb=0.3 |
| Semi-austenitic | ||||||||||
| PH15-7Mo | S15700 | 0.09 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 15.0 | 7.1 | 2.5 | – | – | Al=1.1 |
| 17-7PH | S17700 | 0.08 | 0.9 | 0.5 | 16.5 | 7.5 | – | – | – | Al=1.0 |
| Sandvik Nanoflex | S46910 | <0.012 | – | – | 12.0 | 9.0 | 4.0 | 2.0 | 0.9 | Al=0.35 |
| Austenitic | ||||||||||
| A-286 | S66286 | 0.08 | 2.0 | 1.0 | 15.0 | 25.5 | 1.25 | – | – | Ti: 2.1 Al: ≤0.35 V: 0.3 |
Welding of Precipitation Hardened Steels
Precipitation hardened steels can be easily welded using procedures similar to 300 series stainless steels.
17-4 PH precipitation hardening stainless steel can be successfully welded without preheating at room temperature. Post-weld heat treatment can be used to make the weld metal have the same properties as the base metal. The recommended grade of electrode for welding 17-4 PH is 17-7 PH.
Application of precipitation hardening stainless steel
The high-strength properties of precipitation hardening stainless steel make it suitable for aerospace and other high-tech industries.
Applications include:
- Gear
- Valves and other engine parts
- High-strength shaft
- Turbine blades
- Nuclear waste barrels, etc.