Stainless steel is an alloy material with excellent properties and many uses. Here is some information about the properties and uses of stainless steel:
The Properties and Uses of Stainless Steel
Performance:
1. Corrosion resistance: Stainless steel has good corrosion resistance and can resist the erosion of most chemical substances, including acids, alkalis, salts, etc. This makes stainless steel a commonly used material, suitable for use in a variety of environmental conditions.
2. High strength: Stainless steel has high strength and can bear the stress of heavy loads and high pressure. This makes stainless steel a reliable structural material widely used in construction, bridges, ships, and more.
3. High-temperature resistance: Some stainless steel alloys have good high-temperature resistance and can maintain their mechanical properties and structural stability in high-temperature environments. This makes stainless steel widely used in oil refining, chemical industry, electric power, and other fields.
Use:
1. Construction and infrastructure: Stainless steel is used in the field of construction to make structural members, columns, beams, etc., providing strength and durability. It is also used to make decorative elements such as doors, windows, railings, handrails, etc.
2. Kitchen utensils: Stainless steel is a common material for making kitchen utensils such as pots, pans, knives, bowls, etc. It is corrosion-resistant, easy to clean, and durable.
3. Medical equipment: Stainless steel is widely used in the manufacture of medical equipment, including surgical instruments, operating tables, medical instruments, dental instruments, etc. The corrosion resistance and hygienic properties of stainless steel make it ideal for the medical industry.
4. Chemical and petroleum industry: Stainless steel is used in the chemical and petroleum industry to make equipment such as storage tanks, pipes, valves, and reactors. Its corrosion resistance and high-temperature resistance allow it to handle harsh working environments.
5. Automobile industry: Stainless steel is used in automobile manufacturing to make exhaust systems, intake pipes, body parts, etc. Stainless steel resists high temperatures and corrosion, providing long-lasting performance and great looks.
Overall, stainless steel is a very important material due to its excellent properties, including corrosion resistance, high strength, and high-temperature resistance, as well as its wide range of applications in several industries.
Classification of Stainless Steel
Austenitic Stainless Steel
Grade | Properties | Application |
|---|---|---|
301 17Cr-7Ni- C | compared to 304 steel, Cr, Ni content less, tensile strength and hardness increased when cold, without Magnetic, but magnetic after cold working. | Trains, aircraft, conveyor belts, vehicles, bolts, springs, screens |
| 301L 17Cr-7Ni-0.1N-Low c | It is based on 301 steel, reducing the C content and improving the grain boundary corrosion resistance of the welded joint; it is achieved by adding N elements to Make up for the insufficient strength caused by the decrease in C content and ensure the strength of steel. | Railway vehicle frame and exterior decoration material |
| 304 18Cr-8Ni | As a widely used steel, has good corrosion resistance, heat resistance, low-temperature strength, and mechanical properties; it has good hot workability such as stamping and bending without heat treatment hardening ( If it is non-magnetic, use temperature -196℃～800℃). | Household products (category 1, 2 tableware, cabinets, indoor pipelines, water heaters, boilers, bathtubs), auto parts (windshield wipers, mufflers, molded products), medical appliances, building materials, chemicals, food industry, agriculture, ship parts |
| 304L 18Cr-8Ni-Low c | a low-C 304 steel. Under normal conditions, its corrosion resistance is similar to that of 304 steel, but after welding or stress relief, its resistance to intergranular corrosion is excellent; in the case of no heat treatment, It can also maintain good corrosion resistance, and the use temperature is -196℃～800℃. | It is applied to outdoor machines in the chemical, coal, and petroleum industries that require high grain boundary corrosion resistance, heat-resistant parts for building materials, and parts with difficult heat treatment. |
| 304Cu 13Cr-7.7Ni-2Cu | It has good formability, especially wire drawing and aging crack resistance due to the addition of Cu, so it can be formed into complex shapes; its corrosion resistance is the same as 304. | Vacuum flasks, kitchen sink, pots, pots, insulated lunch boxes, door handles, and textile processing machines. |
| 304N1 18Cr-8Ni-N | On the basis of 304 steel, 304N1, reduces the content of S and Mn, and adds N elements to prevent plasticity from decreasing, increase strength, and reduce steel thickness. | Components, street lights, water storage tanks, water pipes |
| 304N2 18Cr-8Ni-N | Compared with 304, added N, Nb, and high-strength steel for structural parts. | Components, street lights, and water storage tanks |
| 316 18Cr-12Ni-2.5Mo | It has excellent corrosion resistance, atmospheric corrosion resistance, and high-temperature strength due to the addition of Mo, and can be used under harsh conditions; excellent work hardening (non-magnetic). | Equipment, chemicals, dyes, papermaking, oxalic acid, fertilizers, and other production equipment used in seawater; photography, food industry, coastal facilities, ropes, CD rods, bolts, nuts |
| 316L 18Cr-12Ni-2.5Mo-Low c | As 316 steel Low C series, in addition to the same characteristics as 316 steel, it has excellent resistance to intergranular corrosion. | Among the uses of 316 steel, products with special requirements for anti-grain boundary corrosion |
| 321 18Cr-9Ni-Ti | Adds Ti element to 304 steel to prevent grain boundary corrosion; it is suitable for use at a temperature of 430℃～900℃ | Aircraft, the exhaust pipe, boiler drum |
Ferritic Stainless Steel
Grade | Properties | Application |
|---|---|---|
| 409L 11.3Cr-0.17Ti-Low C、N | by the addition of a Ti element, so the high-temperature corrosion resistance and good high-temperature strength. | Automobile exhaust pipes, heat exchangers, containers, and other products that are not heat-treated after welding. |
| 410L 3Cr-Low C | Reduces the C content on the basis of 410 steel, and has excellent workability, welding deformation resistance, and high-temperature oxidation resistance. | Mechanical structural parts, engine exhaust pipes, boiler combustion chambers, burners. |
| 430 16Cr | As a representative steel of ferritic steel, has a low thermal expansion rate, excellent formability, and oxidation resistance. | Heat-resistant appliances, burners, household appliances, two types of tableware, kitchen sinks, exterior decoration materials, bolts, nuts, CD rods, screen mesh |
| 430J1L 18-Cr0.5Cu-Nb-Low C、N | In 430 steel, added Cu, Nb, and other elements; its corrosion resistance, formability, weldability, and high-temperature oxidation resistance are good. | Building exterior decoration materials, auto parts, and hot and cold water supply equipment. |
436L 18Cr-1Mo-Ti、Nb、Zr Low C、N | Heat resistance, and good abrasion resistance, because it contains Nb and Zr elements, it has excellent workability and weldability. | Washing machine, car exhaust pipe, electronic products, 3-layer bottom pot. |
Martensitic Stainless Steel
| Grade | Properties | Application |
|---|---|---|
| 410 13Cr-Low c | As a representative of martensitic steel, although high strength, is not suitable for use under severe corrosive environments; good workability, and surface hardening by heat treatment (magnetic). | Knives, mechanical parts, petroleum refining sets, bolts, nuts, pump rods, and class 1 tableware (knives and forks). |
| 420J1 13Cr-0.2C | High hardness after quenching and good corrosion resistance (magnetic). | Tableware (knives), turbine blades |
| 420J2 13Cr-0.3C | After quenching, the hardness is higher than 420J1 steel (magnetic). | Blades, nozzles, valves, rulers, and tableware (scissors, blades). |